Are you ready to learn more about the best things to plant with your Z. mays? Most of the plants on this list are annuals that you can grow just about anywhere – just like maize, which grows best in Zones 2 to 9.
Here’s what I’ll cover:
9 Companion Plants for Corn
These nine plants are not only perfect companions for corn, but some of them are also tasty!
1. Basil
I grow basil in my garden every year, and then I bring at least one plant inside to keep in my warm house during the long Alaska winter. As an annual, basil thrives in Zones 2 to 10.
It is hard to find fresh basil (Ocimum basilicum) in the winter up here. But it’s worth growing both indoors and out – including out in the garden next to your corn.
Here’s why: one of corn’s chief pests is the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais), which can eat your sweet kernels in the garden and in storage.
That’s where the basil comes in. Researchers at the Ministry of Agriculture in Kenya found in a 2013 study that crushed, dried basil leaves scattered around corn deter the maize weevil from infesting the kernels.
By planting pungent basil on the perimeter of your corn patch, it’ll keep maize weevils away with its smell.
Sweet Basil Seeds
For extra protection, harvest one or two leaves from each plant, rip them up to release the essential oils, and scatter them at the base of each cornstalk.
This isn’t a tried-and-true method, but it’s one I’ll be implementing in my garden this year.
Find sweet basil seeds in a variety of packet sizes available at Eden Brothers.
Learn about different basil varieties to grow at home.
2. Dill
Dill, Anethum graveolens, doesn’t just make pickles taste good.
It can also help to repel some of the worst Z. mays pests because, as with other Umbellifers, its flowers attract parasitic wasps and other beneficial insects.
These small wasps that are harmless to humans parasitize and kill many garden pests, including several that plague corn: aphids, corn ear worms, and cutworms.
Dill grows well in the spring, summer, and fall in Zones 2 to 9. Wait to plant your dill until the corn is about four inches tall, so it doesn’t block sunlight.
Dill is usually best planted in the early spring, as it will bolt in warm weather, but in this case you want it to flower.
Dill Seeds
Feel free to harvest some dill for delicious recipes, like this grilled salmon with dill sauce from our sister site, Foodal. Or this easy recipe for homemade lacto-fermented garlic dill pickles, also from Foodal.
Remember to let plenty of the dill flower, too, because that’s what will attract those beneficial parasitic wasps.
Dwarf Fernleaf Dill
Find seeds for lovely yellow-flowered dill at Burpee, or plant this dwarf fernleaf variety from True Leaf Market – which only grows up to 18 inches tall.
Learn how to plant and grow dill in your garden.
3. Nasturtiums
With bright, cheerful blooms, Tropaeolum majus is the perfect trap crop to keep aphids away from your Z. mays.
Tastier to aphids than corn, they’ll swarm the nasturtiums and (hopefully) leave your stalks, silks, and kernels alone. Be sure to plant your sacrificial crop several feet away from your corn.
Even better, if you plant nasturtiums, maize, and dill all together, the nasturtiums will attract aphids, while the dill will attract parasitic wasps. The wasps will eat the aphids, providing extra protection and keeping them from ever reaching your stalks and ears.
Companion planting is pretty genius, don’t you think?
‘Alaska Mix’ Nasturtium Seeds
And whatever nasturtiums don’t get eaten by aphids can be eaten by you. Toss the blooms and leaves in your favorite salad for a zesty kick.
Find ‘Alaska Mix’ nasturtium seeds in a variety of packet sizes available at Eden Brothers.
Learn about the different varieties of nasturtiums here.
4. Pole Beans
Squash, corn, and pole beans make up the Three Sisters planting trio implemented for thousands of years by Native American peoples.
Here’s what pole beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), specifically, can do for maize.
Actually, the relationship is mutually beneficial: pole beans climb the stalks, using them like a trellis, while also helping to stabilize the maize and keep it from falling over when the ears mature – an issue known as “stalk lodging.”
‘Rattlesnake’ Pole Bean Seeds
Pole beans grow well in Zones 3 to 10, and you can plant them a couple inches from your maize once the shoots reach a height of six inches. As the beans grow, train the shoots to wind around the stalks.
Find ‘Rattlesnake’ pole bean seeds in a variety of packet sizes at High Mowing Seeds.
Find tips on growing pole beans here.
5. Potatoes
So often, it seems we can’t plant things near potatoes (Solanum tuberosum).
Squash, pumpkins, cucumbers, turnips, sunflowers, and raspberries are among the plants you shouldn’t plant near these annuals, which are hardy to Zones 3 to 10 and thrive in cooler climates.
But is corn on that list?
No. No it is not.
The relationship here is most beneficial to potatoes. A 2010 study published in the American Journal of Potato Research found that using corn as green manure for potato crops reduced the risk of verticillium wilt, caused by the fungi Verticillium dahliae and V. albo-atrum, by 60 to 70 percent.
Verticillium wilt causes potatoes to die before they reach maturity, so this is a significant mode of protection. The study also found that using corn as green manure can help to increase potato yields.
Here’s how to grow maize to act as a green manure for potatoes: plant it in alternate rows, spaced about six inches apart from the tubers.
Once young ears develop on the maize, sacrifice about half the plants by cutting them into small pieces and working those pieces – ears, leaves, stalks, and all – into the soil around the potatoes.
Alternatively, at the end of the growing season, after harvesting your corn, cut the stems and leaves into small pieces and work it into the ground.
Your potatoes will get a huge advantage in both increased yield and lessened susceptibility to one of the worst potato diseases around.
And even if you don’t want to sacrifice any of your corn as green manure, you can maximize your garden space by growing potatoes among the shallow-rooted stalks.
‘Princess Laratte’ Potato Seedling Tubers
Find ‘Princess Laratte’ potato seedling tubers available at Burpee.
6. Pumpkins (and Other Cucurbits)
Squash and other types of cucurbits are another component of the historic Three Sisters, along with corn and beans.
The vining cucurbits act as a living mulch for the corn and beans, keeping weeds at bay and locking moisture into the soil.
‘Waltham Butternut’ Squash Seeds
Plant your favorite cucurbit next to your corn and let the vines spread. Your maize will thank you (and so will those pole beans).
‘Small Sugar’ Pumpkin Seeds
Find seeds to grow your own ‘Small Sugar’ pumpkins or ‘Waltham Butternut’ squash at Burpee.
And, we’ve got growing guides for all your favorite squash here.
7. Radishes
When allowed to bolt, these root vegetables can help keep corn borers away from your crop.
Plant them alongside your Three Sisters as they help to deter cucumber beetles and squash borers from making a meal of your pumpkins.
Check out our full radish growing guide to learn how to sow and grow, getting those radishes to work!
Remember that radishes are a very quick crop to grow, often maturing in under 30 days, so use succession planting methods to keep a steady companion crop going for your corn.
‘Crimson Giant’ Radish
Find seeds for ‘Crimson Giant’ available at Eden Brothers.
8. Sunflowers
This beautiful, bountiful flower (Helianthus annuus) is the perfect Fourth Sister to grow with corn, beans, and pumpkins.
In a 2012 study published in the Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science, researchers found that planting dwarf sunflowers near sweet corn attracted a plethora of beneficial, pest-killing ladybugs.
‘Sunspot’ Dwarf Sunflower Seeds
Other types of sunflowers – most of which are suited to growing in Zones 2 to 11 – will also attract these lovely beetles.
So plant sunflowers near your corn and enjoy the presence of beneficial predators, the beauty of the big happy blooms, and the tasty seeds you’ll get at harvest time.
‘Mammoth’ Sunflower Seeds
Find ‘Sunspot’ dwarf sunflower seeds at True Leaf Market, and the large ‘Mammoth’ variety available at Burpee.
Learn how to grow sunflowers in your garden here.
9. White Clover
This sweet-smelling legume (Trifolium repens) acts as the perfect living mulch, or cover crop, for corn, according to researchers at the American Society of Agronomy.
The thick spread of clover suppresses harmful weeds, requiring less weeding work from you. Yet it only grows to about four to six inches tall, so it won’t outgrow your corn stalks.
Plus, like other legumes, clover is able to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere into the soil. Since corn takes a lot of nitrogen from the soil, this is a perfect crop to sow alongside it.
Even better, the researchers found that if the corn acts as a shade for the clover, clover leaves will fall off, drop to the soil, and decompose, adding nutrients even while the corn is still growing.
‘White Dutch’ Clover
White clover’s usefulness doesn’t stop there. The flowers attract bees to your garden, and the flowers and leaves alike can even make a tasty addition to a summer salad.
This weed-turned-wonder thrives in Zones 3 to 10, and you can find ‘White Dutch’ seeds available at True Leaf Market.